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You need to check the error log, the error file may be within the PrestaShop root directory or the directory below it.

In one of the cases i have witnessed, this error was caused by "require_once" -- requiring a  missing module file

e.g

require_once(/......./...../public_html/shop/modules/contactform/recaptcha.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /....../......./public_html/shop/src/Adapter/Module/Module.php on line 354

I updated the method instanciateLegacyModule to the one below.

I used php file_exists function to check if the file exists before requiring the file   

 protected function instanciateLegacyModule()
    {
        /*
         * @TODO Temporary: This test prevents an error when switching branches with the cache.
         * Can be removed at the next release (when we will be sure that it is defined)
         */
        $path = $this->disk->get('path', ''); // Variable needed for empty() test
        if (empty($path)) {
            $this->disk->set('path', _PS_MODULE_DIR_ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $this->attributes->get('name'));
        }
        // End of temporary content
        
        if(file_exists($this->disk->get('path') . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $this->attributes->get('name') . '.php')) {
            require_once $this->disk->get('path') . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $this->attributes->get('name') . '.php';
             $this->instance = LegacyModule::getInstanceByName($this->attributes->get('name'));
        }
        
       
    }

Hope this helps